HIV-2 is similar to HIV-1 in viral morphology, overall genomic structure, and its ability to cause AIDS.Īntibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2 are usually not detectable until 6 to 12 weeks following exposure and are almost always detectable by 12 months. HIV type 2 (HIV-2) infection is endemic only in West Africa, and it has been identified in individuals who had sexual relations with individuals from that geographic region. The virus is transmitted by sexual contact, by exposure to infected blood or blood products, or from an infected mother to her fetus or infant. HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is found in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex and in asymptomatic infected individuals at high risk for AIDS. Centrifuge blood collection tube per collection tube manufacturer's instructions (eg, centrifuge and aliquot within 2 hours of collection for BD Vacutainer tubes).ĪIDS is caused by 2 known types of HIV. Supplies: Sarstedt Aliquot Tube, 5 mL (T914)Ĭollection Container/Tube: Lavender top (EDTA)ġ. New York State clients: This test should not be requested for maternal/newborn HIV screening on specimens originating in New York State, due to state regulatory requirements for expedited result reporting. If specimens are autopsy or cadaver blood sources, the proper FDA-licensed assay is HV1CD / HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibodies for Cadaveric or Hemolyzed Specimens, Serum. Per the latest CDC recommended HIV testing algorithm, the patients with reactive results from any rapid HIV tests should be tested subsequently with laboratory-based HIV antigen and antibody combination immunoassays, such as HIVDX / HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antigen and Antibody Diagnostic Evaluation, Plasma. This test is not suitable for follow-up testing of patients with reactive results from any rapid HIV tests, regardless of specimen type tested, with the exception of patients who were reactive by the Determine HIV-1/-2 Antigen/Antibody Combo rapid point-of-care test on serum or plasma (but not whole blood). Diagnosis of HIV infection in newborns and infants up to 2 years should be made by virologic tests, such as detection of HIV-RNA (HIP12 / HIV-1/HIV-2 RNA Detection, Plasma). Screening, supplemental, or confirmatory serologic tests for HIV-1 or HIV-2 antibodies cannot distinguish between active neonatal HIV infection and passive transfer of maternal HIV antibodies in infants during the postnatal period (up to 2 years).
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